In another study, the frequency of blood groups, serum proteins and red cells enzymes in various Iranian populations were reported ( 25). After a long study and targeted collection, detailed reports of the frequency of ABO blood groups in different Iranian ethnic groups was released ( 24). The first report about the frequency of Lutheran blood group in Iran was published in 1979 ( 23). In a compilation by Mourant in 1958 ( 4), referring to a limited and small sampling from Iran (Tehran) by A.Ajir was seen, but there was no systematic and comprehensive research about types and frequencies of blood groups, serum proteins, and red blood cell enzymes, found in Iran. It is therefore the combination of alleles that are inherited from parents that determines which glycoproteins (antigens) are found on persons’ blood cells and thereby their ABO blood type ( 1). The ABO locus has three main allelic forms: A, B, and O, as mentioned above and each of them is responsible for the production of its glycoprotein. The gene that determines human ABO blood type is located on chromosome 9 (9q34.1) and is called ABO glycosyltransferase. In 1930, Landsteiner received the Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine for his work ( 1). The fourth less frequent blood group AB, was discovered a year later.
From these early experiments, he identified three types, called A, B and C (C was later to be re-named O for the German “Ohne”, meaning “without”, or “Zero”, “null” in English).
He demonstrated that the serum of some people agglutinated the red cells of other. Landsteiner discovered the ABO blood group system by mixing the red cells and serum of each of his staff. It was not until the year 1900, when Karl Landsteiner at the University of Vienna, discovered why some blood transfusions were successful while others could be deadly.
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